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January 2023 ​

@sap/cds@sap/cds-dk@sap/cds-compiler@sap/cds-mtxscds.java
Welcome to the release of CAP. Find the most noteworthy news and changes in the following sections.

CDS Language & Compiler ​

Simplified Syntax for Binding Parameters ​

Bound actions or function have a so-called binding parameter pointing to their bound entity — similar to this for Java or JavaScript methods — which usually is implicitly defined. In the following example, the bound action CatalogService.Products.addReview implicitly has a binding parameter in with type Products:

cds
service CatalogService {
  entity Products { ... }
    actions { // bound actions or functions
      action addReview (stars: Integer, comment: String);
    }
}

Sometimes however, you need to change the name or the type of this parameter, for example to bind the action or function to a collection of instances of the base entity rather than to a single instance. This is now possible by explicitly modelling the binding parameter: the first parameter of a bound action or function is treated as binding parameter, if it's typed by [many] $self. Use Explicit Binding to control the naming of the binding parameter. Use the keyword many to indicate that the action or function is bound to a collection of instances.

cds
service CatalogService {
  entity Products { ... }
    actions { // bound actions or functions
      action addReview (in: $self, stars: Integer, comment: String);
      action archiveOutOfStock (products: many $self, since: Date);
    }
}

Action addReview shows the equivalent of the action in the first example above but with an explicit binding parameter. Action archiveOutOfStock is bound to a collection of Products via a binding parameter called products.

TIP

In the past you had to use annotations @cds.odata.bindingparameter.name and @cds.odata.bindingparameter.collection to achieve the same, which are not required anymore, and deprecated from now on.

Explicit binding parameters are ignored in OData V2.

Learn more about Bound Actions and Functions.

Extending the Generated .texts Entities ​

If you have localized data, you can now collectively extend all generated .texts entities by extending the aspect sap.common.TextsAspect, which is defined in file common.cds.

Use this to add an association targeting the Languages code list entity, or for adding flags that help you to control the translation process.

Example:

cds
extend sap.common.TextsAspect with {
  language : Association to sap.common.Languages on language.code = locale;
}

In the bookshop sample, this would result in the following Books.texts entity:

cds
entity Books.texts {
  key locale: sap.common.Locale;
  language : Association to sap.common.Languages on language.code = locale;
  key ID : UUID;
  title : String;
  descr : String;
}

Learn more about Extending generated .texts entities.

Node.js ​

Fixed Semantics of .where Function in Query API ​

In previous versions of the query API, the where method didn't consistently wrap the existing where clause in an xpr, resulting in situations where the provided expression wasn't always correctly evaluated.

Example:

js
const query = SELECT.from('Entity')
query.SELECT.where = [{ ref: [ 'a' ] }, '=', { val: 1 }, 'or', { ref: [ 'b' ] }, '=', { val: 2 }]
query.where({ c: 3 })

The generated SQL where clause would be a = 1 or b = 2 and c = 3, where the second expression might not be evaluated. This is now corrected and the expressions are correctly grouped, in SQL terms (a = 1 or b = 2) and c = 3.

Continued Improvement of cds.d.ts Typings ​

Together with our community, we've done various improvements in our TypeScript typings:

  • Typings for cds.test to allow additional arguments
  • Typings for srv.send to support unbound actions
  • Typings for cds.ql to return the correct CQN

If you observe gaps in any of the typings, we appreciate your help.

Improved Implementation for search on SAP HANA ​

When searching on localized properties, it's now searched in the translation and the fallback for an entry matching the search term. Considering the bookshop sample and a German user using the search terms Wuthering or Sturmhöhe, both would return a match.

Java ​

Important Changes ❗️ ​

Removed Support for Associations Between Unrelated Draft Entities ​

Associations from draft entities pointing outside the draft document no longer include entities in inactive state, that is, queries only return associated active data. In contrast, a corresponding composition from a draft entity always refers to an inactive entity as part of the hierarchical draft document.

In the following example

cds
service Bookshop {
  @odata.draft.enabled
  entity Books {
    author: Association to Authors;
    ...
  }

  @odata.draft.enabled
  entity Authors {
    ...
  }
}

the query GET /Bookshop/Book(ID=<id>,IsActiveEntity=false)/author returns an associated entity (type Authors) with IsActiveEntity=true (or null if not existing), even if there's a draft version.

To restore the previous behaviour, you can configure cds.drafts.associationsToInactiveEntities.enabled: true.

WARNING

This switch is deprecated and will be removed in future.

Changed HTTP Error Code on Missing Authentication ​

Unauthenticated requests are now rejected with HTTP error code 401 if they fail authorization (error code 403 previously). This can only happen in a misconfigured application where no authentication is active (for example, no Spring security added) but still authorization is performed by generic CAP handler. Productive usage shouldn't be affected but you might have to adjust test code.

JDK 17 Support ​

JDK 17 is now fully supported and also the recommended runtime JDK. Until now, only JDK 8 and JDK 11 were supported. Due to the Spring Boot support schedule, Spring Boot version 2.7 that is currently used will reach end of OSS support in November 23. The latest Spring Boot version 3 has minimum JDK version 17. Therefore, we recommend a migration to JDK 17 in the near future as preparation for the upcoming Spring Boot 3 migration.

We also recommend configuring SapMachine 17 JDK (respective JRE) with the SAP Java buildpack as shown in the example (mta.yaml):

yaml
modules:
  - name: MyCAPJavaApp
    type: java
    path: srv
    parameters:
      ...
      disk-quota: 512M
      buildpack: sap_java_buildpack
    properties:
      JBP_CONFIG_COMPONENTS: "jres: ['com.sap.xs.java.buildpack.jre.SAPMachineJRE']"
      JBP_CONFIG_SAP_MACHINE_JRE: '{ use_offline_repository: false, version: 17.+ }'

Current sap_java_buildpack has some limitations for JDK 17:

  • Public Internet access is required to download the JDK (no offline mode).
  • Only Java Main deliveries are supported (no restriction for Spring Boot apps).

Reserved Database Keywords ​

You can now use identifier names in your CDS Models, which are reserved words and keywords on the target database. The runtime now uses delimited identifiers in the database's default case to avoid a clash with the keyword.

Memory Consumption of CDS Models ​

The CAP Java runtime serves business requests on basis of CDS models that are cached in-memory for fastest possible processing. Especially for multi-tenancy, when different tenant-specific models are required, the CDS model cache can consume a substantial amount of memory.

CAP Java now stores CDS models in a more compact representation. Since 1.30, the model reader strips UI annotations from the in-memory representation.

With the model of the CAP SFlight sample application, we observe the following improvements:

CAP Java Versionfile sizememory sizereduction
1.29222 kB1.30 MB
1.30 w/ UI annotations222 kB735 kB43 %
1.30 w/o UI annotations222 kB573 kB56 %
1.31 w/o UI annotations222 kB171 kB87 %

Moreover, some model artifacts, which are common to multiple tenants are now shared in memory. With three variants of the same Fiori Elements sample application model, which have only small differences, we observe:

CAP Java Versionfile sizememory sizereduction
1.29667 kB3.95 MB
1.30 w/ UI annotations667 kB2.09 MB47 %
1.30 w/o UI annotations667 kB1.69 MB57 %
1.31 w/o UI annotations667 kB505 kB87 %

Security ​

  • You can now limit the maximum number of requests that are accepted within a single OData $batch request. Settings cds.odataV4.batch.maxRequests resp. cds.odataV2.batch.maxRequests specify the corresponding limits. By default, no limit applies.

  • Added a generic UserInfoProvider that recognizes requests on behalf of the provider tenant and normalizes the request tenant to null(that is, UserInfo.getTenant() == null). This helps to distinguish provider requests from subscriber requests, for instance when fetching the tenant-specific CDS model or when dispatching to the corresponding PersistenceService. Set cds.security.authentication.normalizeProviderTenant to true to activate the normalization.

Modification of CQN Statements ​

Use the new Modifier methods skip and top to modify the pagination settings of a CqnQuery.

WARNING

The subinterface CqnModifier, which does an expensive copy of values, is now deprecated and will be removed in a future release.

For OData PATCH requests that update related entities (deep updates) and specify the related entities as a nested delta payload, the key values of entities to be removed can now be given as properties instead of @id control information. The "reason" property of @removed is optional now.

json
{
    "ID": "o101",
    "Items@delta": [
        {
            "ID": "i01",
            "amount": 101
        },
        {
            "ID": "i02",
            "@removed": { }
        },
        {
            "@id": "OrderItems(i03)",
            "@removed": { "reason": "deleted" }
        }
    ]
}

The example update payload for Order(o101) contains a nested delta payload for the associated order items. Upon executing the PATCH request, order item i01 is upserted (inserted or updated as needed), and items i02 and i03 are deleted. All other items of Order(o101) remain untouched.

Tools ​

Cloud Foundry User-Provided Services in Hybrid Testing ​

User-provided services can now be used for hybrid testing. The handling is fully transparent to users, e.g cds bind --to my-user-provided-service is sufficient.

cds watch --profile hybrid will automatically resolve bindings to user-provided service instances using the same technique as for any other managed services.

Multitenancy ​

Minimum Runtime Version Required ​

@sap/cds-mtxs version >= 1.5.0 requires at least @sap/cds@6.5.0.

Support of hdbmigrationtable in Extensible Projects ​

SaaS applications using extensibility can now use @cds.persistence.journal for base model entities to get .hdbmigrationtable support. Important: Extending migration table artifacts isn't supported.

Cache Database Credentials from SAP Service Manager ​

The credentials fetched from the service-manager are now cached. This reduces the number of requests to the service-manager, mitigating errors caused by rate-limiting. Disable caching by setting cds.requires.multitenancy.cacheBindings = false.

Simpler Deployment Service Configuration ​

You can now configure the deployment service in a simpler way:

jsonc
"hdi": {
  "create": {
    "database_id": "<ID>"
  },
  "bind": {
    "key": "value"
  }
}

Instead of:

jsonc
"hdi": {
  "create": {
    "provisioning_parameters": {
      "database_id": "<ID>"
    },
    "binding_parameters": {
      "key": "value"
    }
  }
}

The old configuration is still supported, but you're advised to migrate to the new configuration for improved readability.

Improved Job Status Response ​

/-/cds/jobs/pollJob now also returns a tenants field, so tenant-specific tasks don't have to be polled individually. An example response format looks like this:

json
{
  "status": "FAILED",
  "op": "upgrade",
  "tenants": {
      "non-existing-tenant": {
         "status": "FAILED",
         "error": "Tenant 'non-existing-tenant' does not exist"
      },
      "existing-tenant": {
         "status": "FINISHED"
      }
   }
}

CAP on Kyma/K8s ​

SAP HANA Cloud HDI Containers on Kyma Runtime ​

With the December 2022 release of the SAP HANA Cloud tools, we can now create HANA HDI shared containers on the Kyma runtime. The CAP on Kyma tooling creates HANA HDI shared containers on the Kyma runtime itself.

An architecture diagram showing the old and new ways to access SAP Hana from Kyma. It highlights that Cloud Foundry isn't required to access the containers anymore.

Support for Multitenancy and App Router ​

Command 'cds add hana,xsuaa,approuter,multitenancy --for production' and output to show the new way to add multitenancy to your Kyma apps.

CAP on Kyma tooling now supports the deployment of Multitenant SaaS applications on Kyma along with App Router. The Deploy to Kyma guide is updated with the multitenancy deployment instructions.

A part of a sample helm chart with configuration for Service Manager and SaaS Registry.

Changes in the Helm Chart ​

With this release, the Helm charts (cds add helm), the following keys have been renamed/moved:

OldNew
hana_deployerhana-deployer
html5_apps_deployerhtml5-apps-deployer
→ bindings → html5_apps_repo→ bindings → html5-apps-repo
→ cloudService→ env → SAP_CLOUD_SERVICE

In addition to these properties, backendDestinations is now moved from html5_apps_deployer.backendDestinations to root of values.yaml.

Earlier the values.yaml content for HTML5 Apps Deployer was:

yaml
html5_apps_deployer:
  cloudService: null
  backendDestinations: {}
  ...

Now, it's changed to:

yaml
backendDestinations: {}
html5-apps-deployer:
  env:
    SAP_CLOUD_SERVICE: null
  ...

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